What Are the Different Types of Lymphoproliferative Disorders?

Lymphoproliferative disorders are medical conditions that are caused by an overproduction of white blood cells within the body. Those with compromised immune systems are at the greatest risk of developing one of these disorders. Some of the different lymphoproliferative disorders include cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, large granular lymphocytic leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia. Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is an example of an acquired immune disorder that causes an excessive amount of white blood cells to be produced. Any individualized questions or concerns about lymphoproliferative disorders should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is among the lymphoproliferative disorders that involve an overproduction of a type of white blood cell known as a lymphocyte. In this condition, cancerous cells invade the skin and may spread to the lymph nodes and other organs of the body. Early symptoms often include dry, itchy, and scaly skin. Treatment depends on the individual situation and may include any combination of phototherapy, prescription medications, or chemotherapy.

Large granular lymphocytic leukemia is also among the various lymphoproliferative disorders. This condition typically affects older adults and affects the lymphocytes that are responsible for helping the body to fight infections. An enlarged spleen, anemia, and low platelet levels are common symptoms of this condition. Chemotherapy is the standard treatment option for this disease, and surgery to remove the enlarged spleen is common.

Hairy cell leukemia causes a certain type of lymphocyte containing projections that resemble hairs to develop and spread in the spleen, bone marrow, and blood. Frequent infections, an enlarged spleen, and abnormal blood counts are the most common symptoms of this disease. Prescription medications, interferon therapy, and surgery to remove the spleen are often useful in combating this form of cancer.

Human immunodeficiency virus, more commonly known as HIV, is a sexually transmitted immune system disorder that can cause life-threatening complications, especially if not properly and promptly treated. Any exchange of bodily fluids with an infected person can cause transmission of this disease, although sexual activity with an infected partner is the most common mode of transmission. HIV causes the immune system to become severely compromised, creating a rich environment for diseases such as cancer or potentially fatal infections to develop. Although there is no cure for this condition, there are several prescription medications available that may be able to slow the progression of the disease and prolong the life of the patient.