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What is a Medical History?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

A medical history is a collection of information about a patient which includes current medical data, the patient's past history of medical issues, the patient's family history, and relevant health information which can help a doctor or care provider tailor diagnosis and treatment to the patient. Taking a history is an important part of many doctor-patient interactions, and in medical schools, doctors learn about how to take histories accurately, respectfully, and quickly. People may refer to a medical history as an “anamnesis” in some regions of the world.

The history is designed to provide context as well as clues which could help a doctor arrive at a diagnosis. When the patient comes to the doctor, the doctor takes note of symptoms reported by the patient as well as clinical signs observed during the appointment. The doctor also asks a series of questions which are designed to shed light on the current situation, including when symptoms first appeared, what kind of medical issues the patient has had in the past, and what kind of family history the patient has.

Physicians ask medical history questions to find out details about the medications that patients are taking.
Physicians ask medical history questions to find out details about the medications that patients are taking.

Patient's charts form part of their medical history, and many charts include a quick reference at the top which takes note of major events in the patient's life which can be relevant. The doctor also asks questions about the patient's lifestyle, finding out how often the patient exercises, what the patient eats, and what the patient's family, work, and personal life are like. While some things may not seem immediately relevant, they can be valuable. For example, someone under a lot of stress at work can be at increased risk of medical conditions related to stress. Similarly, someone who is not sexually active would be unlikely to have a sexually transmitted infection, which can narrow down the diagnostic choices.

Some people write down all medical history details in a journal to help keep the information in one place.
Some people write down all medical history details in a journal to help keep the information in one place.

Many doctors offices and hospitals request that patients or their family members fill out a medical history form upon arrival. This form is used to quickly document major medical issues, ranging from a history of allergies to a description of the current problem bringing the patient to the doctor. The doctor can use the information to narrow down a diagnosis.

The medical history form is considered a private document.
The medical history form is considered a private document.

The medical history is a private document, and it will be closely protected to keep the patient safe. Some of the information could be damaging if released to someone who is not authorized to view it, and other information in a medical history could be about things that the patient wishes to keep private. Doctors are trained in how to preserve this information and how to ask open questions which will encourage a patient to answer honestly and accurately so the patient's history will be as complete as possible.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a TheHealthBoard researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a TheHealthBoard researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

Discussion Comments

Sporkasia

When you visit to a general practitioner, especially for the first time, the personal medical history that you give might be the best clue the doctor has to determine what is wrong with you. After all, doctors don't run extensive test on every patient who comes into the office.

Drentel

Animandel - I can relate to having to answer all those questions when visiting a medical office or hospital. Most people have had to do that, more than once. It can be an inconvenience, but your medical history is very important.

And because of those questions I made a point to learn more about my relatives' medical history. Your gene pool can make you susceptible to certain illnesses, so you should know as much as possible.

Animandel

From the past when I have visited a doctor for the first time, I recall filling out the forms and reaching the medical history of patient section. The list of questions about past illnesses, allergies and family history can be so long. For most of them I was at a loss. I had no idea whether my grandmother or grandfather ever had chicken pox or high blood pressure or whatever.

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    • Physicians ask medical history questions to find out details about the medications that patients are taking.
      By: Shakzu
      Physicians ask medical history questions to find out details about the medications that patients are taking.
    • Some people write down all medical history details in a journal to help keep the information in one place.
      By: slast20
      Some people write down all medical history details in a journal to help keep the information in one place.
    • The medical history form is considered a private document.
      By: phasinphoto
      The medical history form is considered a private document.
    • A medical chart contains every piece of information written down by a health care provider that has interacted with a patient.
      By: chunumunu
      A medical chart contains every piece of information written down by a health care provider that has interacted with a patient.