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What is Nocturnal Epilepsy?

Erika C.
Erika C.

Nocturnal epilepsy is a condition in which patients experience seizures at night, usually while sleeping. Often, people with the condition are unaware that they’re having night seizures, especially since patients can sometimes go into a deep sleep immediately after having a night seizure. Even if someone else sees the seizure, he or she may not know a seizure is happening since the involuntary movements made during seizures may not look much different than normal sleep movements. Some symptoms of night seizures include waking up sore and very tired even after a long night’s sleep and waking with headaches or lightheadedness. People suffering from nocturnal seizures may also wake to find that they’ve wet the bed or bitten their tongues while sleeping.

Doctors can administer tests to determine whether individuals are experiencing nocturnal epilepsy. One of the most common tests used is an electroencephalogram (EEG) that measures brain activity. A doctor can use the results of an EEG test to determine whether a patient is experiencing epilepsy or some other sleep disorder.

An EEG test may be used to measure the brain's electrical activity to determine whether a neurological condition is nocturnal epilepsy.
An EEG test may be used to measure the brain's electrical activity to determine whether a neurological condition is nocturnal epilepsy.

Nocturnal epilepsy is similar to normal epilepsy. Night seizures, however, are in some ways less dangerous than daytime seizures. Since patients are usually already lying down when night seizures strike, they are less likely to be injured by such things as falling or losing control while driving. Nocturnal epilepsy does carry some risk of concussion, as someone having a night seizure can hit his or her head on a headboard or wall behind the bed.

ADSNFLE is a specific type of nocturnal epilepsy that often begins during childhood.
ADSNFLE is a specific type of nocturnal epilepsy that often begins during childhood.

The seizures experienced with nocturnal epilepsy are often tonic-clonic, or gran mal, seizures. Tonic-clonic seizures occur in two phases. In the first, tonic, phase, the person loses consciousness, the muscles tense and the individual experiencing the seizure may make loud vocal sounds caused by air being quickly expelled from the lungs. This phase usually lasts only a few seconds. During the clonic phase, the muscles rapidly contract and relax, causing convulsions that can range in force from light muscle twitches to violent shaking.

Some types of nocturnal epilepsy are often misdiagnosed as nightmares.
Some types of nocturnal epilepsy are often misdiagnosed as nightmares.

A specific type of nocturnal epilepsy is autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). ADNFLE is a rare disorder that often begins during childhood and causes short, violent seizures during sleep. The symptoms of this disorder are often initially misdiagnosed as nightmares or night terrors. ADNFLE is believed to be caused by a malfunction in fibers between the thalamus and cerebral cortex called thalamocortical loops.

Nocturnal epilepsy is typically treated with anti-epileptic drugs. In cases where the epilepsy is resistant to drug treatment, surgery may be a treatment option. Seizures can sometimes be reduced with diet modifications and trigger avoidance.

Discussion Comments

anon307928

I've suffered multiple nocturnal seizures for the last 25 years. Everything that was mentioned is correct. Normally, after waking up, I don't know what day it is and have a very sore throat. My entire body is also sore because of the muscle spasms. My tongue is normally all bitten up, too.

What really seems like a pattern is the amount of sweets (lots) I consume that particular day. I boosted up the milligrams to 500 from 400 (on my own) of dilantin on my own. I've hidden the seizures from my doctor so I won't lose my driving privilege since I've never experienced one while awake. My livelihood requires driving.

lapsed

Another thing that may be a sign of nocturnal epilepsy is if you've ever dislocated your shoulder while sleeping. If the shoulder has been dislocated backward as opposed to the typical forward way of dislocation then you've most likely had a seizure.

roser

Note that they may have to do two separate EEG's: the first one to see any abnormal spikes in brain activity and if that's inconclusive then your neurologist might order a sleep deprived EEG. A sleep deprived EEG is basically what it sounds like; it measures your brain activity after you've been deprived of sleep. It's very common for sleep disorders to cause epileptic seizures.

Another important thing to remember is an EEG isn't necessarily 100% accurate in determining whether someone has epilepsy or not. An EEG may for whatever reasons show only a slight tendency towards seizures or maybe none at all but you may still continue to have seizures. After you've had a certain amount of seizures and your neurologist has been able to find a trigger for them, you're generally diagnosed as epilepsy and put on medication.

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    • An EEG test may be used to measure the brain's electrical activity to determine whether a neurological condition is nocturnal epilepsy.
      By: Tobilander
      An EEG test may be used to measure the brain's electrical activity to determine whether a neurological condition is nocturnal epilepsy.
    • ADSNFLE is a specific type of nocturnal epilepsy that often begins during childhood.
      By: aletia2011
      ADSNFLE is a specific type of nocturnal epilepsy that often begins during childhood.
    • Some types of nocturnal epilepsy are often misdiagnosed as nightmares.
      By: Elenathewise
      Some types of nocturnal epilepsy are often misdiagnosed as nightmares.
    • Grand mal seizures may require emergency medical treatment.
      By: Monkey Business
      Grand mal seizures may require emergency medical treatment.
    • Nocturnal epilepsy can disrupt a person's sleeping patterns.
      By: MaxRiesgo
      Nocturnal epilepsy can disrupt a person's sleeping patterns.
    • Someone with nocturnal epilepsy may wake up sore and tired even though they had a long night of sleep.
      By: milanmarkovic78
      Someone with nocturnal epilepsy may wake up sore and tired even though they had a long night of sleep.